第一,指代最近的名词肯定是没错的。(that或which存在跳跃指代情况)
第二,GMAC表示,选出五个答案中相对较好的。因此无争议用排除法做题,排除四个错得更离谱的即可。
所以,在你给的这道OG原题里,除了E选项之外,A-D的错误比起them的跳跃指代来说更离谱,因此E相对较好。
最后,个人经验,实战中很多选项其实都不是语法上完全perfect,只是相对较好。如逻辑意思正确却相对啰嗦的答案好过对仗工整简洁但是逻辑意思错误的答案。这貌似是GMAC在SC这一块出题的趋势,以增加错误选项的迷惑性。
GMAT语法知识:which是否能指代句子
Gusty westerly winds will continue to usher in a seasonably cool air mass into the region, as a broad area of high pressure will build and bring fair and dry weather for several days.(A) to usher in a seasonably cool air mass into the region, as a broad area of high pressure will build and(B) ushering in a seasonably cool air mass into the region and a broad area of high pressure will build that(C) to usher in a seasonably cool air mass to the region, a broad area of high pressure building, and(D) ushering a seasonably cool air mass in the region, with a broad area of high pressure building and(E) to usher a seasonably cool air mass into the region while a broad area of high pressure builds, which will其中正确选项E引起了很大的争论,“,which”在该选项中是指代了a broad area of high pressure builds这个句子吗?其实官方的回复是这样的:官方回复In the item referred to below (IBN 12131, OG 2018 #781), 'which' could be interpreted as having the preceding clause as its antecedent, but it is better understood as having the noun phrase 'a broad area of high pressure' as its antecedent. Certain types of verbs that indicate arrival, positioning, coming into being, and the like can stand between a relative pronoun and its antecedent in cases where there is unlikely to be any confusion and the writer wants to avoid the awkwardness of putting the verb after a long intervening phrase.For example, one could say “A new CEO is coming who will change the way our company does business.” In the sentence in OG #781, this construction is a simple and efficient alternative to a wording such as “while a broad area of high pressure, which will bring fair and dry weather for several days builds.” Interpreted either way (with 'which' referring to the front or to the front's building), option E is clearer and more effectively expressed than any of the other options.也就是说,对于有一些表示“出现、就位、形成”的动词,在不会造成歧义的情况下,可以放在被修饰的名词与定语从句之间,以避免动词在长长的修饰成分之后出现,造成了动词距离主语过远的awkwardness。
事实上,这种在不会造成歧义的情况下,在定语从句前加动词的现象在之前的题目中也有出现,比如说,OG 2017的第84题(也是OG 2018的第84题):New data from United States Forest Service ecologists show that for every dollar spent on controlled small scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire management personnel, it saves seven dollars that would not be spent on having to extinguish big fires.(A) that for every dollar spent on controlled small scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, it saves seven dollars that would not be spent on having to extinguish(B) that for every dollar spent on controlled small scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, seven dollars are saved that would have been spent on extinguishing(C) that for every dollar spent on controlled small scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel saves seven dollars on not having to extinguish(D) for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire management personnel, that it saves seven dollars on not having to extinguish(E) for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire management personnel, that seven dollars are saved that would not have been spent on extinguishing该题正确答案为B选项,其中seven dollars are saved that would have been spent on extinguishing big fires 就是将are saved 放在了名词与定语从句之间,不会造成歧义的同时又避免了主谓间隔过远。
因此,OG2018新题which并没有真的“指代句子”,而是仍然指代名词(修饰名词),相信同学们看过本文就明晰了,同时也可以触类旁通解决其他题目的类似问题。
GMAT语法使用代词时需要注意什么
GMAT考试语法部分的复习是非常重要的,考生们准备GMAT语法的时候要注意一些细节。
比如常会出现错误的代词部分,代词的使用需要谨慎小心。
小编下面就具体地告诉大家语法代词如何使用,希望GMAT入门的考生能关注: 代词必须和前面的指代内容保持单复数,性别上的一致 指代对象是单数,单词是单数; 指代对象是复数,代词也是复数。
The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia, were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook, bv whom they were named supposedlybecause its sheer wet rocks glistened like glass. ① who so named them supposedly because their ② who so named it since supposedly their 答案是A 一个什么样的山(mountain),别人用他命名。
这里的it,或者them指代前面的mountains。
所以要要复数them,而不能b中单数谓语it GMAT语法错误2) 指代的逻辑语义 ① 指代内容必须存在,且以名词的形式出现 The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires, which would be devastating to it. 这里的park充当的是形容词;所以不能做IT的先行词;应把句子改成The rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires, which would be devastating to the park. The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclear reactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart;rather a kind of nuclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to produce power. (A) apart, but rather (B) apart; it is that of A 正确;B的话, that of没有指代对象 ② 代词不能指代出现在前面介词短语中的名词 Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britainbut only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north. ③GMAY语法 同一句话中相同的代词必须指代相同的事物 As a baby emerges from the darkness of the wombwith a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be ratedabout 20/500, orlegally blind if it were an adult withsuch vision. a. A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind b. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision. A 正确; B的话,两个it并没有一个明确的指代,而且先行词有两个;所以会造成语义指代歧义的可能 ④ 因为GMAT考试比较结构比较对象的一致性,有时用that of 指代前文出现的对象 Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britainbut only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north. a. about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many b. comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom B中that of正确;土地和土地比; A中土地和国家比 that或those表明新copy的时候一定前后完全一致(包括单复数),否则需要重复先行词。
EG:Her company is outperforming those of her competitors.错,those与company不一致,应将those替换为companies. GMAT语法错误3)指代清晰性: ① 每一个代词都只能有一个清晰的先行词 每一个代词必须清楚指带唯一的一个指代对象 Researchers claim to have developed new Nano papers incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which they allege give them the strength of cast iron. 从逻辑语意上说:they指代 Researchers ; them 指代 Nano Papers 但是从实际语法上来说 they和them可以同时指代Researchers或者Papers Researchers claim to have developed new nano papers incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which allegedly give these materials the strength of cast iron. ② 按照逻辑意思指代 For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly there-quarters only a decade ago. A. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago B. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago B 正确;A的话就近指代California; 但是amounting这里指的是non-Hispanic white
【请教一个【GMAT语法代】词指代模糊的问题~关于代词指代模糊和...
备考GMAT语法可以这样进行:一、是要了解几大考点:主谓一致、谓语时态、比较平行、指代问题、固定搭配、修饰问题和逻辑表达。
由于语法部分的知识点比较多,所以一定要先在头脑中有一个清晰的印象,我们可以通过刷OG来掌握常见考点有哪几个,一般会以什么方式出现,同时比对自己的解题思路和官方给出的思路,分析的时间应该比做题的时间多,要耐心,逐渐熟悉积累考点以及考查方式。
二、看原句找逻辑关系,能提取句子意思,GMAT语法有一个需要重视的考点就是找逻辑主语,只有找对了逻辑主语才能确定谁是动作的发出者,代词指代是否有误,是否平行对称,主谓单复数是否一致,所以逻辑主语是GMAT语法的最关键要素。
三、对比选项,对几个选项进行纵向对比,找出差异,这个差异就是考点。
我们都知道GMAT语法改错的画线句子就是A选项,一般都会习惯于从画线句子挑毛病,所以就认为画线句子是错的,这样的理解其实是错误的,画线句子就是这样给考生造成干扰,所以利用排除法来答题显得至关重要,我们要理解句子整体给出的意思,反复比较选项之间的差异,纵向深入,把错误答案一一排除。
四、总结,由于每个人的知识缺陷和做题习惯不一样,所以我们要找到适合自己的解题思路,整理一个错题本,复习的时候查漏补缺,多总结可以帮助大家提升答题的速度和正确率,具体信息可以到雷哥GMAT上查询。
GMAT有关指代的一道语法题,搞不清they的指代的就近原则
they这样的代词是就前指代,第一个they出现的时候前面名词合适的只有synthetic fertilizers而且还有一个原则:同属性的代词在句中只能指代一个名词比如中文:小明玩火,他爸很生气,所以他把他打了一顿。
这句话是有语病的,中英文都不能这么用,即使你意思可以理解。
所以本句中they和their都是指代的一个东西
考研英语中怎样判断代词指代
It 指的是 Organic material ,以下是句子结构分析 主干结构 Oil is formed.从句结构 When + organic material is buried and subjected to temperatures and pressures,(that) transform it into petroleum.整句意思 石油是由于被困于沉淀物中的有机生物经缓慢地埋藏,且在高温高压的催变下转化而成的.判断It所指代项 关键还是弄清句子结构 以及修饰语的意思
...andtheoneafterthat,andsoforth.谁帮我分析一下句子?这些代词各指代...
很多考生对GMAT语法有一丝忌惮心理,认为GMAT语法的知识内容太抽象,考生在复习的时候不知道自己该复习哪些方面,也因此在GMAT考试中语法错误频出,就算是对GMA语法详解进行大量的学习也无济于事。
天道小编在此为大家总结GMAT语法的提升技巧,帮助考生学习GMAT语法。
1.在GMAT语法的从句中,对以下连接词和引导词要保持高度警惕:(1)which(或代词it)绝对不可指代前面的整个句子;(2)because不可引导名词性从句;(3)宾语从句中引导词that一般不能省略;(4)if绝不可以引导名词性从句,如要表示“是否”,GMAT考试只能用whether引导;(5)对不作为介词宾语的事物作限定性修饰,GMAT语法只用that而不用which。
而which仅用于引导对介宾进行修饰的限定性从句和引导非限定性从句。
这一点是GMAT语法精解特别强调的。
2.在require、demand等表“建议、命令”意义的词之后的that从句,要求用虚拟语气动词,即动词原形,不加should。
3.绝对不可以单独使用that指代前面的单数或不可数名词,GMAT考试技巧而一般是用that of+n.结构指代或换用其他表达方式。
4.绝不可以单独使用this、these来指代前面出现的单数或复数名词,而绝对要通过换用其他人称代词,或重复前面出现的名词或者改变句子结构来避免这样非正式且模糊的指代。
如sth.of this kind, like this /these等模糊表达均要用such+n.(n.即重复this、these所指代的对象)来取代,意为“这些……”。
另外,在“such…… that”结构中,such只修饰具体名词,而不修饰抽象名词(如rapidity、severity等)。
5.在我们通常使用的there be句型中,以下表达必错:(1)there could be done sth.;(2)there be sth. done;(3)there being+名词词组(4)there was sth.(抽象的表动作的名词),如说there was a transmisscion万万不可。
呈般来说,GMAT中there be仅用于“某处有某物”,而此物是指一具体名词,如knife,star,wolf等,而非抽象名词conversion,relation等。
这些错误的表达考生在GMAT考试中要尽量避免。
6.表示某人有某种能力做某事,最佳答案的选择依据是can do>be able to do>has(hav e) ability to do>has(have) a capability of doing…在选择时,有can do就不用含be able to do的选项,依次类推。
7.当我们需要举例时,一律用such as结构,而不用like。
8.在GMAT考试的改错题中,ETS倾向于用主动语态而非被动语态,当用主动或被动语态的选项在语法和句意上都无错误时,选择用主动语态表达的选项,即“主动优先原则”。
9.在GMAT中,关于being的以下使用必错:(1)being+n.(2)being+adj.(3)as being+n./adj./v.-ving.;GMAT认为在以上表达中,being完全多余。
10.当我们对一动宾结构进行替代时,不用do it,一律用do so.;11.介词短语:on account of, because of, despite(in spite of ), as a result of之后只跟简单的各词短语。
若其后跟的是动名词或名词所有格+动名词短语,或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分词来修饰时,应改为与其相同意义的连词 because,although等引导的从句形式。
12.几种简单的表达方式:(1)n. that is (are) adj.必然要换为ad.+n.的名词短语结构,如a man who is poor的选项必错,而应选含有a poor man的选项。
(2)当表示谓语部分,尤其是表示实义动词的含义时,就直接用其动词形式表示,而不要用名词形式或形容词形式,如:be a cause就一定会被cause(动词)替代;be suggestive of一定会被suggest替代。
(3)一些常见词的替换方式:not any一定会被no替代;that which一定会被what替代;hav ing been done会被done(限定词)所替代。
13.平行结构的最后一个成立之前必定有一个连词and, or, neither, nor或as well as,否则嘴并列结构必存在问题。
如:to do A. do B, do的表达就必死无疑,正确表达应该是to do A, do B, and do C或to do A, to do B, and to do C。
14.在平行结构中,对于“不是……而是”的结构, ETS更喜欢用rather than,而很少用inst ead of。
实践中,若5个选项中存在这两个词的互换,直接在含rather than的选项中找答案,除非含rather than的结构有语法或逻辑错误,才可考虑instead of。
GMAT有哪些语法要点
展开全部 GMAT语法题难在哪里? 之所以说GMAT语法题难度高,主要原因有两点。
首先,GMAT语法题的考察题型主要是句子改错题,而句子改错题中,语法和逻辑往往是结合在一起的,单纯了解语法或者只熟悉逻辑,都没有办法帮助考生完全做好题目,只有两者都有所准备,才能比较顺利地解决此类题目,因此,对考生的综合能力有较高要求。
其次,GMAT语法题的正确判断往往不是大家以往在英语考试中追求的绝对正确的概念,而常常是所谓矮个里面挑高个的相对正确,也就是说,哪怕是正确选项,其实也存在一定的问题,只是在几个错得更厉害的选项中相对正确的那个,这对于中国考生在以往考试中树立的答题思想是一个不小的挑战。
GMAT语法复习顺序? 刚入门的考生应该把精力集中在GMAT官方指南(OG)上,考生需要先把OG中涉及语法的部分吃透,并反复总结几遍之后,才开始其他语法材料的练习和讨论。
为如果没有OG作基础,大家很难深入讨论和理解某些语法题目和解答的精妙之处。
OG上没有的语法点怎么办? 的确,某些教材或者培训课有很多归纳的很好的语法规则,但是大家一定要验证。
举个例子来说,小编不止一次看到有网友提到有生命体的所有格用's,无生命体的用of。
而根据小编的总结,GMAT根本没有一道题目考到过这个原则。
小编的总结只包括:双重所有格错误;代词不能指代所有格里的名词,还有一些其他的所有格的有效性规则。
推而广之,一切不出自于OG的语法规则,都需要验证。
语法现象和逻辑意思孰轻孰重? 很多人认为对于句子改错题中同时涉及逻辑和语法的题目,应该以逻辑意思优先,不过小编觉得这并不能一概而论,可能有些矫枉过正。
有些时候会有考生认为某选项正确因为意思合乎逻辑,但是该选项却有明显的语法错误。
在小编看来,GMAT语法考的是在合乎语法规则的基础上判断逻辑的合理性。
也就是说,我们应该先用语法规则排除错误选项,然后再来用逻辑意思来进一步缩小选择范围。
以上就是小编给大家介绍的GMAT语法备考要点,希望大家能够对这些要点有充分的了解和掌握,预祝各位考生能够顺利备考GMAT考试。
TIPS:GMAT语法提高重在积累总结 同学们在平时做练习的时候,不要一味地大量去做题,而不去做相应的总结。
每次做错题后都要剖析和总结题目的考查重点,往后碰着类似问题就能避免再犯同样的错误,这样才会有长足的进步。
而无论句子形式或内容如何变化,考点是基本不会变的。
万变不离其宗,把握一个考点等于把握数十道题。
因此大家在做题过程中要有意识地去思考总结这道题的考点,看是否是自己的弱点,而万万不要为了做题而做题
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