同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如: They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。 1、从先行词来看 同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。该名词是需
英语同位语从句
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来. 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
如: I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。
如: I've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。
(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。
)如: l have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。
如: Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。
如: The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
) The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。
) 2、关系词在句中是否做成分 。
如: The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
(that在从句中不充当任何成份。
) The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(that在从句中作gave的宾语。
) 3、从句是否有疑问的意义。
如: eg.Do you remember the day when i told you that i loved you?(when引导的从句不表示疑问,所以这是一个定语从句。
) eg.I have asked the question why it was true just now.(why引导的从句表示疑问,所以这是一个同位语从句。
) 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形 式)就是同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
六、典型例题 例1:I have no idea when he will be back. 析:he will be back意义不完整,应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike. 析:he went home意义不完整,应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A.while B.that C.when D.as 析:答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
应将该句区别于: It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 析:答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A.it B.which C.this D.that 析:答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。
应将该句区别于: I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that 析:答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
今天老师领着复习的
同位语从句+状语从句 要在一个句子中包含
语从句与同位语从句在形式以及它们在句中的位置上都很相似,但它们在句中的句法功能不同,所用的引导词也不完全一样。
1. 定语从句是形容词从句,其句法功能相当于一个形容词,与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况;而同位语从句是名词性从句,其作用相当于一个名词,与前面的名词是同位关系,是对前面的名词作进一步解释,即说明它前面名词的内容。
如:The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句)The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句)2. 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主 系 表”结构来表示,而定语从句则没有这种关系。
如:The news that he won the first place is true.他赢得冠军的消息是真的。
(同位语从句)若用“主 系 表”结构来表示,则是:The news is that he won the first place. 那个消息是他赢得了冠军。
3. 定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词,而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是 news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,possibility 等少数几个。
因此,引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。
可以引导定语从句的连接词有 that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why 等。
可以引导同位从句的连接词有 that,whether,when,where,how 等。
如:The factory which / that we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(定语从句)I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里得知一个消息,他今天下午不能来看你了。
(同位语从句)4. 定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。
如:The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(定语从句, that 在从句中作 gave 的宾语) The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced.必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。
(同位语从句, that 在从句中只起连接作用,引导从句解释 fact 的内容,不作任何句子成分)5. 引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去,而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。
如:I'll keep the promise (that / which) I made two years ago.我将履行两年前许下的诺言。
(定语从句)I make a promise that I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.我许诺,我一到北京就给你写信。
(同位语从句)6. when,where 和 why 在引导定语从句和同位语从句时,它们的共同点是引导词在这两种从句中都可以充当状语。
但是,定语从句前有相应的先行词,分别为表示时间、地点和原因状语的名词,而同位语从句前没有相应的名词。
如:I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing.我仍记得我第一次来北京的那一天。
(定语从句)I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时才会回来。
(同位语从句)
一个句子不应该具备主谓宾吗?同位语从句只有主语啊,这是为什么?...
我的理解是英语从句,从句中如果是完整的句子是有主谓宾的,不然也有可能是短语做同位语(但这样也不会叫从句了)。
依据从句在整个句子中所在的位置,再分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句等等。
同位语从句是一个名词从句,它与其他从句的不同点是,从整个句子来看,同位语从句所在位置的有两个,一是词,二是同位语从句。
它不太好和定语从句作区分,按以前念书时的经验,区别就是去掉前面那个词,同位语从句的话,整个句子还是通的,定语从句的话就不通了。
同位语从句 百度百科里的几个例句,拿来解析I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.the oldest girl in the family是同位语短语。
去掉它或者去掉I,这个句子都是通的。
But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”引号里的整个部分是the question的同位语从句。
从句内是有主谓宾的。
去掉从句句子是通的。
I heard the news that our team had won.that our team had won是news的同位语从句。
our team主,had won谓,非及物动词无宾。
综上,不能理解你所谓的同位语从句只有主语是啥意思。
是否将第一个例句中的同位语短语搞混了?
反身代词可以用在同位语从句中,最好有例句!
先来一句同位语从句吧:I like the idea that I can become independent learner.我喜欢我可以成为独立学习者的想法.如果你把 句子改为:I like the idea that myself can become independent learner.反身代词一般用于宾语位置,而在同位语从句中,“I can become independent learner”本来就是一个完整的句子,can 前应该跟名词主语而非宾语.这种情况下就不可以用反身代词.另一种情况呢,就不一样了:有些时候,加上反身代词是为了辅助先行词.反身代词用在同位语中,叫强势代词,或者语意强代代名词.英语里可以接受为标准的有:例一:"I,myself,wrote this" 我自己写的例二:"We,ourselves,gave the card to our parents."我们把卡给了我们的父母.请注意,反身代词在句子里的作用是起强调作用.希望这些回答可你的问题.
同位语从句与定语从句应该怎么区分?
认真看完,绝对对你有帮助!!!! 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句与同位语从句是高中英语教学内容的重点,也是英语阅读中的难点,它们相似的位置,使许多学生往往混淆,阻碍了对文章的理解。
那么,如何正确地区分定语从句与同位语从句呢? 一、 定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。
例如: 1. We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。
2. We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步说明。
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。
例如: 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。
例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中的that只起连接作用,引导从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。
例如: 1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。
2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。
例1是定语从句,that可省略;例2是同位语从句,that不能省略。
3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一想法引起我们的注意。
例3中why引导的是定语从句,why可以被 for which或 that 代替;例4中 why引导的是同位语从句,why 不能省去,也不能被其它词代替。
四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。
例如: The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。
上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示,则是: The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
意思合理,系表结构成立,故为同位语从句。
五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词,可以有复数形式;而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位,一般没有复数形式。
例如: 1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。
2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心,她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。
例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词,可用复数形式;例2中的possibility是抽象名词,后接的是同位语从句,一般不用复数形式。
六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词,但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。
例如: 1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。
2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。
3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。
4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会,这个问题没有决定。
例1、3中的when和 where引导的是定语从句,day 和house分别表示时间和地点;例2、4中的when和 where引导的是同位语从句。
如果在定语从句与同位语从句的学习中能把握住上述几种区别,那么在阅读文章时,就会迎刃而解,收到更好的效果。
谢谢 祝你好运!参考资料:www.zhuoyue.cc/bbs
怎样判断同位语从句和定语从句的区别?
一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾. 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化.而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that.被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom.例如: It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首. (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如: It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn't matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如: It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前.例如: Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然.例如: 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. 二.宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后. 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如: I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句.例如: She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如:I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语: Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句. 4. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中. 例如: We heard it that she would get married next month.. 5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等.这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句.例如: I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等.例如: He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.例如: I don't think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.) 三.表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”.可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等.引导表语从句的that常可省略.另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构.例如: 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we can't get the support of the people 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四.同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句. 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,...
一个句子中是否可以有两个同位语从句
1、同位语从句用法:一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
2、一个句子中不能有两个同位语从句。
例:I've come from Mr wang with two messages that he won't be able to see you this afternoon and his son will go to Beijing tomorrow.我从王先生那里来,并带来两个消息,一是他今天下午不会来看你,二是他儿子明天要去北京。
上句中两个同位语从句来修饰 two messages,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
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名词性从句和同位语从句的相关用法
名词性从句 同位语从句用法一、同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1. 由that引导We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
I've come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus' statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
如:They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
如:He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 由whether引导There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3. 由连接代词引导Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。
随后我回到一家工厂工作。
当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。
4. 由连接副词引导I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!二、关于分离同位语从句有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。
如:The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。
(G31)二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。
(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。
(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
3. 引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。
如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
4. 被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。
另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。
(同位语从句)I'll never forget the days when I lived there....
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